Bank Of Americ A Look At America - 903 Words

Bank of America: A Look at America’s #2 Bank ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬ By Finance for Managers Richard Bristow Professor Maria Perez Saint Leo University February 24, 2017 Since one of the largest positions in my investment portfolio is Bank of America, traded on the NASDAQ under the symbol (BAC), I decided to take and in-depth look at this company and hopefully see for myself why this stock and other financials have performed so well over the past few months. I also hope to educate myself more about BAC and financials in general, so that I can have a more detailed and meaningful conversation with my portfolio manager about why he chose BAC as my largest financial position. Abstract By definition, banks are: â€Å"A financial†¦show more content†¦It went on to mention that BAC had been struggling with regulatory changes from the previous administration, but that talk of deregulation by the new Trump administration could help improve BAC’s position moving forward. (The Wall Street Journal, 2017, n.d.). Now, according to the latest data from Investopedia, BAC’s Price to earnings ratio, (P/E) is 17.56, which is a high, and I like to keep P/E ratios for companies that I invest in at lower than 14, but since a lot of this growth has occurred since my initial investment, I am ok with its high P/E ratio, although BAC may be a stock that needs to be considered for profit taking by any investor who bought this stock prior to last year. Another consideration for a potential BAC investor is the fact that BAC pays a dividend. Before an investor should consider buying or selling a stock, it should always contemplate how dividends should be incorporated in that decision. BAC current pays a 1.44% annual dividend. (Investopedia, 2016, n.d.). While 1.44% may not seem like a lot, it is attractive to me as an investor because that extra percentage can cover a large portion of the fees involved with trading stocks. I think people tend to overlook these important details when considering an inv estment. In general BAC and financials have had a really good run and many may seem expensive compared to other investments,Show MoreRelatedHc A Influence On Healthcare1998 Words   |  8 PagesHCA’s History Hospital Corporation of Americ (hca) HAS A PWERFUL INFLUENCE ON HEALTHCARE IN America. Founded in 1968 by three men, Dr. Thomas Frist Sr MD, Thomas Frist Jr, MD and Jack Massey Dr, â€Å"is on of the largest for profit healthcare providers in the world,† says Bob Herman (2014). The headquater for HCA is in Nashville, Tennessee. The first hospital by HCA Park View Hospital in Nashville, with a scope to expand, and subsequently generating the hospital institutin, HCA. Mnay mergers andRead More African Minkisi and American Culture Essay6248 Words   |  25 Pagesanything less than complicated. At first the minkisi seem â€Å"savage†. â€Å"Until quite recently, our (the Western world) response to these objects was purely visual with little or no understanding of history, meaning, and function† (Williams, 14). But when you look at the whole picture, they are really fascinating. The second conclusion I have come to is that because these items are kind of fascinating, I can see why they are not only collected for their aesthetic worth, but how they archaeologists and other

Community Analysis South Philadelphia - 1672 Words

Community Analysis South Philadelphia is an urban community with a plethora of diverse populations within one geographic location. According to The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia, (2015) South Philadelphia extends from â€Å"South Street to the I-76 expressway and from the Delaware to the Schuylkill Rivers†. South Philadelphia includes the zip codes of 19145, 19146, 19147, and 19148, but for this analysis I will focus solely on 19145. Within, the community of South Philadelphia an array of smaller communities exists, where residents share similar characteristics such as culture, beliefs, racial identity or interests. Communities where individuals share more than just their geographic location are non geographical communities and therefore South Philadelphia is a community based on both geographic vicinity and a community based on the common ideas, interest and a since of belonging residents share. As mentioned above a variety of ethnic groups reside in South Philadelphia, however for the purposes of this paper one subgroup within South Philadelphia will be analyzed and assessed. This community analysis focuses on the Nepalese residents living (see appendix A) in South Philadelphia and the community’s assets, social processes and challenges present in the community. Individuals in this ethnic community have immigrated to the United States from Nepal for many reasons including better educational and employment opportunities. Assessment of Community CharacteristicsShow MoreRelatedPublic Space And Why Is It Important?1466 Words   |  6 PagesWhat constitutes a public space, what role it plays, and how design should approach and deal with it is a widely debated topic in the realm of design. These public spaces historically acted as the common ground for communities; a political, social and cultural arena to foster community cohesion. In terms of city cohesion, Kevin Lynch, an American urban planner and author, argues that public spaces, apart from giving form and expression to cities, can be nodes and landmarks that make cities moreRead MoreGentrification Of The West Philadelphia1478 Words   |  6 PagesGentrification in North Philadelphia Gentrification began to garner a great deal of attention from scholars, politicians, and the media soon after the phenomenon was first identified by Ruth Glass in the 1964 (Glass, 1964). 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Personality Disorders Free Essays

Compare and Contrast Types of Personality Disorders Written Assignment 5: Compare and Contrast Types of Personality Disorders and Identifying the Three Clusters into Which Most Personality Disorders are Grouped By: Keturah Albright Abnormal Psychology HDV-284074-01X-10FA2 Professor/ Instructor: Jonathan Gibralter Compare and Contrast Types of Personality Disorders Personality disorder is defined as, gradual development of inflexible and distorted personality and behavioral patterns that result in persistently maladaptive ways of perceiving, thinking about, and relating to the world. p. 431Butcher, James N. We will write a custom essay sample on Personality Disorders or any similar topic only for you Order Now ) It is important to understand the meaning of personality disorder, in order to properly diagnosing a person. Society tends to place this label on individuals who they feel display characteristics resembling a â€Å"personality disorder’. There are three clusters in which personality disorders are placed in. Cluster A: Consists of paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders. People with these disorders often seem odd or eccentric, with unusual behavior ranging from distrust and suspicious to social detachment. Cluster B: Includes histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, and borderline personality disorders. Individuals with these disorders share a tendency to be dramatic, emotional, and erratic. Cluster C: Includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. In Contrast to the other two clusters, people with these disorders often show anxiety and fearlessness. (p 342, Butcher, James N. ) There are some ways in which these three clusters of personality disorders can be compared. All three clusters have personality disorders that would have the person to focus on the needs of themselves and no one else, their needs come first and for most and they may feel justified by their actions. Most of these individuals are said to suffer from, â€Å"chronic interpersonal difficulties and problems with one’s identity or sense of self. †(p. 341, Butcher, James N. )All three clusters of personality disorders tend to have individuals who lack the ability to function normally in society on a consistent basis. All three clusters mentally have a great false sense of reality that causes them to act in a defensive/protective manner. As well as most of the clusters have symptomatic impulsive behavior. Commonly all three clusters can be treated with some type of therapy. There are also contrasting behavior that defines the different clusters. Cluster A: Feels as though others are mistreating them or taking advantage of them, while Cluster B: bring about physical harm to others with no remorse. Cluster C: Has a need for others to take a lead role in there life for major things, while Cluster B: Seeks to exploit others. Also, Cluster A: Has odd believes and magical thinking that they take confidence in, and Cluster B: Has a fear of being left alone to fend for themselves. In all there are things that can be compared and contrasted with Clusters: A, B, and C, but the main thing to understand is that all of them are real personality disorders that with the proper guidance can be managed with some type of therapy (and depending on the severity, medication as well). Personality disorders if not properly diagnosed could cause great harm to the individual as well as the society in which they live. Reference Butcher, James N. , Mineka, Susan and Hooley, Jill M. (2010). Abnormal Psychology. Boston, MA: Allyn Bacon Abnormal Psychology, DVD 105, CDL Course 284074 http://emedicine. medscape. com/article/294307 [pic][pic][pic] How to cite Personality Disorders, Essay examples

Cuba Crimes Against Human Rights Essay Research free essay sample

Cuba: Crimes Against Human Rights Essay, Research Paper Part ONE Cuba: A Media Profile Media is the used around the universe for the cardinal intent of directing and having information. To analyze the media in a state such as Cuba, you must see the political, societal and the cultural political orientations of the state. While most of the universe is free fluxing with information utilizing mediums such as wireless, telecasting, the imperativeness and the Internet, Cuban people are exempted. The content within these mediums, reflect the political orientations of the Cuban authorities and besides maintain a sense of patriotism. Information that reflects different political orientations of the Cuban authorities are non permitted on the island and are considered illegal. It is unsafe for a society such as Cuba to quash the basic Torahs of human rights and relieve its people from the freedoms that we Americans take for granted such as ; freedom of look, imperativeness, association and assembly. This papers is divided into two parts. Part one, Cuba: Media Profile, which will research the media and its map in Cuba. Part two is titled Media Under a Communist Regime. This portion will exhibit the Torahs refering to media in Cuba, and the offenses and penalties of independent journalist seeking to last in Cuba. During the early 1960s, a category battle was waged within media mercantile establishments all over Cuba. This battle reflected the major alterations taking topographic point all over Cuban society. The Revolution # 8217 ; s wake resulted in the nationalisation of Cuban media. Mass media information was no longer capable to private corporations but became a public plus. The Cuban Institute of Radio and Television ( IRCT ) , was created to oversee and pull off wireless and telecasting station island-wide. In Cuba today there are 62 wireless Stationss across the island, staffed by 911 journalists. ( Salwen 84 ) Cuba operates one international short moving ridge wireless station, Radio Havana which broadcast in nine linguistic communications. ( 84 ) Radio Rebelde, Radio Progreso, Radio Reloj, Radio Musical National and Radio Enciclopledia are the national station heard throughout the state. There are 38 provincial and municipal Stationss and 92 community wireless station that focus on local issues and have more limited air. ( 84 ) Radio broadcasts plays an of import function in Cuba. With the autumn of the Soviet Union, Cuba has found itself in an of the economic crisis. With this crisis came drastic cuts in newspaper and magazine information, and a decrease in telecasting broadcast clip. ( 88 ) This meant that much of what was covered by these media became the duty of the wireless. Television broadcast medium in Cuba began in the late fortiess. During this clip Cuba was used by concerns as evidences for new engineerings, doing Cuba a universe innovator in telecasting. ( 104 ) In Cuba today there are two national telecasting channels, one international channel, and eight regional channels. ( 104 ) There are many families in Cuba with a telecasting sets, but they are old and outdated. The terminal to merchandise with Eastern Europe has led to deficits of parts and telecasting sets. Cuba is no longer the breakage land for new engineerings. The economic encirclement has badly impacted media production in Cuba. This can be seen in the usage of elderly senders, and about the disused parallel engineerings that have non yet been replaced. There is besides a great concern for the hereafter of wireless and telecasting image and sound archives. Irreparable losingss are happening due to the deficiency of air-conditioning and rise in humidness. Due to miss of sound and videocassettes, manufacturers have been re-recording over tapes that have already been used. Of all the media, the print media was hit the hardest by the economic crisis. ( 39 ) Because the printing of periodicals depended wholly on the import of newspaper and other supplies from the former Soviet Union, day-to-day publications of magazines and other periodicals was badly cut. ( 39 ) By 1994, the figure of day-to-day newspaper that has been published hebdomadally in the state was lass than half of what it had been in 1989. ( 39 ) As a consequence of the crisis some 300 print media journalists, that is 10 % of the entire island, found themselves idle. ( 39 ) In Cuba today there are three national newspapers in circulation, Granma, Trabajadores and Juventud Rebelde. Granma is the voice of the Central Committee of the Cuban Communist Party and the state # 8217 ; s newspaper of record ; Trabajadores is he newspaper of the National Workers Confederation ; and Juventud Rebelde is the paper of the Youth Organization. ( Cubanet ) Cuba besides has two intelligence bureaus. El Agencia de Informacion National ( AIN ; National News Agency ) , has intelligence desks in about every state in Cuba and a wireless service that is widely used by provincial and municipal wireless Stationss. ( Cubanet ) The other, Presna Latina, has letter writers in assorted parts of the universe. Despite serious economic restrictions and deficiency of hardware, Cuban media has been able to entree the cyberspace. But acquiring to the cyberspace is non easy. Since the majority of the state # 8217 ; s substructure, including the telecommunications is antiquated. ( Christian Science Monitor, Boston ) The lone cyberspace service supplier, CENAI allows entree merely to those cleared by the authorities, most incoming information is to a great extent censored by the authorities. . Economicss have restricted widespread entree to the Web. An mean Cuban makes about 110 pesos per month, approximately $ 5.00. ( US Department of State, Washington ) An internet connexion with the universe Wide Web entree costs about $ 260.00 a month. E-mail histories cost $ 67.00 per month. ( Christian Science Monitor, Boston ) Presently the day-to-day edition of Granma, Trabajadores and Juventud Rebelde have electronic editions. ( Christian Science Monitor, Boston ) Radio Stationss are besides get downing to do their Internet Debuts. Radio Havana Cuba ( www.radiohc.org ) station day-to-day transcripts of its Cuba related narratives in four linguistic communications ( Spanish, English, French and Portuguese ) and Radio Reloj ( www.cubaweb.cu ) posts intelligence narratives every bit good as specials on civilization and athleticss. Radio Rebelde besides has a web site accessible through www.ceniai.cu. It is impossible to talk about media in Cuba, without adverting the little media warfare between the US and Cuba. On May 19 1984, under the Reagan disposal Radio Marti was launched, a full fledged 24 hr, uncensored intelligence about Cuba and US dealingss. Through 3 frequences, seven wireless Stationss, Radio Marti broadcasts over 1500 hours of wireless of anti-Castro propaganda is straight beamed into the island through short-wave wireless signals. As a consequence of Radio Marti, Television Marti was created. Television Marti is the lone telecasting service in the universe whose mark audience has neer seen it. Except for top functionaries with orbiters and some bootleg videotapes of Television Marti, it is difficult to obtain make to the successful jamming of Television signal by the Cuban authorities. Television Marti was created under the Bush disposal, with a 9.6 million dollar budget. It was named for Cuban-independence was nationalist, Jose Marti, and was supposed to be better than Radio Marti. But from the start it faced technological jobs. For one Television Marti operates from a drifting sender, which proved easier to throng than short-wave wireless. Cuban functionaries jammed the Television Mart? signal by conveying Cuban plans on the same channel. Thronging American wireless and telecasting signals has, to day of the month, been the most politically and economically-effective tactic employed by the Castor government. ( Bayer 541 ) Possibly Castor is really much aware that American wireless Stationss are merely every bit successful as the figure of hearers they attract. By cut downing the figure of possible wireless hearers through jamming of US Stationss, Castor may be wounding the American wireless broadcast industry where it hurts most, financially. Although both Radio Mart? and Television Mart? have become lasting fixtures of Cuban life, frequent intervention by Cuba has besides become a concern of legion wireless Stationss throughout the United States. The United States refused to take military action against Cuba for thronging its ignals. Alternatively, President Clinton # 8217 ; s disposal compiled a six-tiered program of political and economic countenances against the Island. ( Bayer 541 ) Among these countenances, Clinton ordered increased support for Radio Mart? to get the better of jamming by the Cuban authorities. ( Bayer 541 ) The disposal authorized an extra two million dollars in support to increase response of US authorities broadcasts in Cuba. ( Bayer 541 ) The US besides sought international disapprobation of Cuba # 8217 ; s actions through the United Nations. ( 541 ) In short, this latest incident, and the actions ensuing at that place from, show two critical factors. ( 541 ) First, the United States still views the usage of wireless broadcasts into Cuba as a necessary and effectual arm in its war against communism. ( 541 ) Second, any future dialogue between these two states with regard to international broadcasts, or any other controversial political subject, will necessarily hold to happen under the protections of an international regulative organic structure such as the United Nations. ( 541 ) Whether a solution to the # 8220 ; radio war # 8221 ; in the Caribbean exists is questionable. ( 543 ) With the at hand ruin of the Castor government, we may see significant advancement in the manner of free communications between the United States and Cuba. ( 543 ) Soon, nevertheless, the on-going war over the airwaves between these two states serves as a fresh reminder that there is a demand for mutualness in international broadcast medium and international dealingss between Cuba, the United States and the remainder of the universe. ( 543 ) Part Two: Media Under a Communist Regime Article 53 of the Cuban Constitution provides: # 8220 ; Freedom of address and imperativeness are recognized for citizens consistent with the intents of socialist society. The material conditions for their exercising are present by the fact that the imperativeness, wireless, telecasting, films, and others mass media are state-owned or socially owned, and can in no event be in private owned, which ensures their usage entirely in the service of the working people and in the involvement of society. The jurisprudence regulates the exercising of these freedoms. # 8221 ; ( Human Rights Watch 29 ) Cuba is a totalitarian province. Since 1959 under the leading of Fidel Castor, Cuba has become the first Communist province in the Western Hemisphere. Before 1959, the people of Cuba, looked favourably upon Castor and the battle against Cuban dictator, Fulgencio Batista. Castor proposed policies for early elections, variegation of the economic system, moderate societal and political reform based on the Cuban Constitution of 1940. ( Thomas 2 ) Since coming to power, it wasn # 8217 ; t long befor the radical character of Castro # 8217 ; s to go clear. Alternatively of the promises castro made to the Cuban people, Cuba was radically transformed into a ego styled Marxist- Leninist machinery of repression. Castro # 8217 ; s precedences remain unchanged: keeping undisputed power, a sense of historical ego, and utmost Cuban patriotism. When Castor publically declared Cuba a Communist state, democracy was abolished and so was the freedom of look, sentiment, imperativeness, association, and assembly. In the Cuban media, there # 8217 ; s merely one acceptable point of position, the government # 8217 ; s. An official journalist in Cuba can non take which narrative to compose, and can non show their ain sentiment. In Cuba there is no freedom of the imperativeness that would let for different political positions, which are cardinal for a democratic government. To the contrary, wireless, telecasting, and the print media are instruments of ideological infliction that follow the dictates of the group in power and are used to convey the messages from that group to the grass-roots and the intermediate degrees. The chief newspapers in Cuba reflect merely the point of views of the authorities. Merely to a really limited extent do they describe on the arguments that take topographic point within the high-ranking functionaries of the province. As a consequence, self- unfavorable judgment is besides limited. It is a function the imperativeness plays with a position to conveying the grudges of the grassroots to the top functionaries in power. However, in no manner make these grudges overstep the bounds of ideological conformance. In no manner can they oppose, or go interpreters recommending a extremist alteration in the prevailing government, or that hold high-level authorities functionaries accountable in relation to substantive political issues. The Castro government maintains a steadfast stance against independent journlism. In June 1998 the authorities labelled Cuba # 8217 ; s little group of independent newsmans # 8220 ; self titled independent journalists # 8217 ; dedicated to slandering our people by agencies of the wireless Stationss that broadcasts from Miami against Cuba. # 8221 ; ( Human Rights Watch 151 ) In contrast the governmenrt called upon the # 8220 ; genuinely free # 8221 ; imperativeness to function the socialist province # 8220 ; by gaurenteeing the continuity of socialist, loyal, and anti-imperialist thoughts and values, and the revolution itself for future coevalss of Cubans. # 8221 ; ( Human Rights Watch 151 ) Today in Cuba there does be an independent imperativeness. There are three staying independent intelligence bureaus in Cuba, Havana Press, Cuba Press and Cuban independent Journalists Bureau. Many of the journalists worked for authorities media until they were fired for â€Å"ideological incompatibility† and now are seeking to do a life freelancing for foreign intelligence organisations. ( Conde ) Their purpose is to carve out a support that is independent of collectivist media yet a comfy distance from organized dissenter cabals at place and abroad. ( Conde ) To be an independent journalist in Cuba is illegal, a dissenter. The Cuban authorities non merely uses mass organisations, but besides uses its security and tribunals to endanger, intimidate, detain, and prosecute independent journalists. ( Human Rights Watch, 152 ) The Government topics independent journalists to internal travel prohibitions, arbitrary and periodic ( nightlong or longer ) detainment, torment of friends and relations, ictuss of written manuals and computing machine and office equipment, and repeated menaces of drawn-out imprisonment. ( US State Dept. ) To intensify the jobs of the independent imperativeness, there is the obstruction of merely sitting down to compose. The Communist government controls all that is published, while entree to the Internet is besides purely regulated. Journalists lack computing machines or fax machines and rudimentss such as composing paper, typewriters and thread and even pens and pencils. Typewriters must be registered ; having a facsimile machine or photocopier without mandate is punishable by imprisonment. ( Conde ) Phone calls are monitored and frequently interrupted and lines severed. Articles are normally phoned in ( collect ) to a twosome of European contacts, to Mexico or to Miami bureaus, such as Radio and TV Marti. The Government does non let unfavorable judgment of the revolution or its leaders. Laws against antigovernment propaganda and abuses against functionaries carry punishments of three months to one twelvemonth in prison, with sentences of up to three old ages if President Castor or members of the National Assembly or Council of State are the object of unfavorable judgment. ( US State Dept ) In December 1997, the National Assembly of Popular Power approved the Law of National Dignity, which establishes that # 8220 ; The weight of the jurisprudence will fall on anyone who, in a direct or indirect signifier, collaborates with the enemy # 8217 ; s media # 8230 ; with gaol sentences of three to ten old ages # 8221 ; and is aimed straight at the independent bureaus who send their stuff abroad. ( Human Rights Watch 152 ) On April 26, 1996, nine Cuban security members ransacked the offices of the Cuban Independent journalists Bureau ( BPIC ) for four hours. ( Conde ) They seized all of the BPIC # 8217 ; s equiptment ; two typewriters, a word processor, every bit good as its files. ( Conde ) Joaquin Torres, a journalist with the Havana Press independent intelligence bureau at that place, termed it # 8220 ; a reminder that they are at that place, and they can hush us whenever they like. # 8221 ; ( Conde ) N? stor Baguer, President of the Agencia de Prensa Independiente ( APIC: Independent Press Agency ) was earnestly injured by an unknown person who hit him several times ; as a consequence he suffered a broken carpus and several haematoma. ( US State Dept. ) The events occurred in Havana, on March 2, 1995. On July 11, 1995, members of the State Security force searched his place, seized a facsimile machine, and disconnected his phone service. ( US State Dept. ) Days subsequently N? stor Baguer filed a ailment before the Municipal Court of Plaza to procure the return of what had been confiscated. ( US State Dept. ) However, the tribunal clerk refused to acknowledge the papers, saying that it had no legal footing. ( US State Dept. ) Laws against antigovernment propaganda, graffito, that was of disrespect towards any authorities functionary in Castro # 8217 ; s government, carried punishments of from 1 months to 3 twelvemonth # 8217 ; s in prison. ( US State Dept. ) Charges of administering enemy propaganda ( which includes simply expressing sentiments at odds with those of the Government ) can convey sentences of up to 14 old ages. ( US State Dept. ) Resident and foreign letter writers have dealt with an addition in governmental force per unit area, including official and informal ailments about articles, endangering phone calls, and deficiency of entree to functionaries. ( US State Dept. ) In the Government # 8217 ; s position, such stuffs as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, international studies of human rights misdemeanors, and mainstream foreign newspapers and magazines constitute enemy propaganda. Local metropolis functionaries inhibit freedom of address by monitoring and describing dissent or unfavorable judgment. ( US State Dept. ) Police and province security functionaries on a regular basis harassed, threatened, and otherwise abused human rights advocators in public and private as a agency of bullying. ( US State Dept. ) A tribunal in Holguin sentenced independent journalist Mario Gonzalez Castellanos, Cuba Press letter writer in Holguin, to 2 1/2 old ages in the Holguin prison known as Cuba Si, for demoing discourtesy to Fidel Castor. ( US State Dept. ) The Constitution besides includes # 8220 ; dangerousness, # 8221 ; defined as the # 8220 ; particular propensity of a individual to perpetrate offenses, demonstrated by his behavior in manifest contradiction of socialist norms. # 8221 ; ( Human Rights Watch 42 ) If the constabulary decide that a individual exhibits marks of dangerousness, they may convey the wrongdoer before a tribunal or capable him to # 8220 ; therapy # 8221 ; or # 8220 ; political reeducation. # 8221 ; There have been many instances in which functionaries have enforced these Torahs upon there citizens. In January in 1999, a tribunal in Moron, a Cuban state, sentenced Jesus Joel Diaz Hernandez, Director of the Cooperative of Independent Journalists ( an advocate of human rights ) to 4 old ages # 8217 ; imprisonment for # 8220 ; dangerousness. # 8221 ; ( Human Rights Watch 154 ) Human Rights Watch reported that Diaz was accused of holding met with delinquents and holding disturbed the public order. He was tried the twenty-four hours after his apprehension, doing it impossible for him receive equal defence. ( 154 ) In July of 1997, the governments arrested independent journalist Lorenzo Paez Nunes and later sentenced him to 18 months in prison. ( 156 ) Harmonizing to his household, Hector Peraza was arrested in July and detained for 2 months the twenty-four hours after he received a visit from a # 8220 ; alien who gave him a computer. # 8221 ; ( 156 ) State security agents harassed household members when force per unit area on independent journalists was non successful in coercing them to abandon their work or their state. ( 156 ) On July 17 1999, a constabulary officer threatened to collar Merino Cabrera, a member of the Human Rights Workers # 8217 ; Party, for dangerousness and warned him against go oning his activities. ( 154 ) A few yearss subsequently, on July 27, Cabrera found a composition board casket on his front door with the words: # 8220 ; Rest in Peace. # 8221 ; ( 155 ) Cuban governments treat people that participate in non-violent activities such as meeting to discourse the economic system or elections, writtng a missive to the authorities, describing on political- or econmic developements or recommending for political captives, as felons. Cuban tribunals continue to and imprison independent journalist and others for the peaceable look of their positions. The denial of basic and civil homo rights is written into Cuban jurisprudence. And there is hardly a voice hearable to let the universe to cognize and understand the predicament the Cuban people face every twenty-four hours. Independent journalist in Cuba risks their lives to raise the voice that is hardly heard. To the remainder of the universe they are heroes with brave and baronial purposes. To the Cuban authorities, they are the enemy. In decision, a missive was written from a political captive will foster aid understand the demand of freedom. Letter FROM PRISON: LA CAOBA To all honest work forces around the universe. This missive is a call for aid if I can last its wake. If non, it will be my political will and testament. That will non decrease its value to those who, like I, have been enduring prison footings in the extinction cantonments which the dictatorship has created throughout the island, seeking to submerge in silence and inhuman treatment the voices of Cubans naming for autonomy. I # 8217 ; m guilty of raising my voice to inquire for autonomy for Cuba, of desiring a civil authorities nominated and elected by the people, amidst an miscellaneous flow of political currents, of wishing private belongings for Cubans, to have and bask what their single attempts can afford them, without denying the corporate enjoyment of what our darling land offers us as its fruits of a authorities free of changeless pretentious to power, because I don # 8217 ; t want anyone or anything to minimise the right of Cubans to portion with foreign visitants the gifts of our clime, nature, and installings, because it pains me to see my people enduring from the unpredictability and absurd disposal which is submerging us day-to-day into wretchedness, giving off to aliens what belongs to us, without concern over the loss of the fatherland. For these grounds, and many others, which support the unscrupulous end of the dictatorship to snuff out us, for my resistance to them, I # 8217 ; m guilty, sanctioned, banished, kept from seeing my loved 1s, of having any sort of assistance, of keeping contact through the mail, of having equal medical aid, they even deny me assistance from God, forbiding me from having the services of the Church. My status as a political captive is non recognized, and they force me to populate with the common captives who are encouraged to assail me. Everything is shaded by maltreatments and humiliations, which I suffer, by word and by workss. I appeal to you and to God. Lawyer Juan Carlos Castillo Pasto, plantado captive. Serving 8 old ages for enemy propaganda, at La Caoba prison, Santiago de Cuba. Translated for CubaNet by Lourdes Arriete. ( CubaNet ) Bibliography 1. Bayer, Stephen D. , The Legal Aspects of Television Mart? in Relation to the Law of Direct Broadcasting Satellites, EMORY 1992. 2.Conde, Yvonne M. # 8220 ; Independent Cuban Press Seeks Access to the Outside World. # 8221 ; The Fourth Estate. V129. P48+ . January 27, 1996. Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //vweb.hwwilsonweb.com/cgi-bin/webspirs.cgi 3. CubaNet beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //ella.netpoint.net/cubanet/CNews/jul96/15e2.html 4. Human Rights Watch. CUBA Inhibitory Machinery: HUMAN RIGHTS 40 Old ages AFTER THE REVOLUTION. Human rights Watch, New York. June 1999 5. Lipsschultz, David. # 8220 ; The Web Washes over Cuba, but Surfers Still Few Econmic adversity and a authorities wary of information flow hinder Internet # 8217 ; s growth. # 8221 ; Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Mass. 9 July, 1997 6. Robbins, Carla Anne. # 8220 ; Our Jam in Havana: This US Staion Doesn # 8217 ; t rate in Cuba Castro # 8217 ; s Interference Keeps TV Mart Off of Screens. # 8221 ; The WallStreet Journal 25, Nov. 1997 7. Thomas Hugh S. CUBAN REVOLUTION: 30 Old ages Subsequently. Westview Press. London 1984. 8. United States State Department. Human Rights in Cuba beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //state.gov/www/global/human_rights/1997. 1. Bayer, Stephen D. , The Legal Aspects of Television Mart? in Relation to the Law of Direct Broadcasting Satellites, EMORY 1992. 2.Conde, Yvonne M. # 8220 ; Independent Cuban Press Seeks Access to the Outside World. # 8221 ; The Fourth Estate. V129. P48+ . January 27, 1996. Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //vweb.hwwilsonweb.com/cgi-bin/webspirs.cgi 3. CubaNet beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //ella.netpoint.net/cubanet/CNews/jul96/15e2.html 4. Human Rights Watch. CUBA Inhibitory Machinery: HUMAN RIGHTS 40 Old ages AFTER THE REVOLUTION. Human rights Watch, New York. June 1999 5. Lipsschultz, David. # 8220 ; The Web Washes over Cuba, but Surfers Still Few Econmic adversity and a authorities wary of information flow hinder Internet # 8217 ; s growth. # 8221 ; Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Mass. 9 July, 1997 6. Robbins, Carla Anne. # 8220 ; Our Jam in Havana: This US Staion Doesn # 8217 ; t rate in Cuba Castro # 8217 ; s Interference Keeps TV Mart Off of Screens. # 8221 ; The WallStreet Journal 25, Nov. 1997 7. Thomas Hugh S. CUBAN REVOLUTION: 30 Old ages Subsequently. Westview Press. London 1984. 8. United States State Department. Human Rights in Cuba beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //state.gov/www/global/human_rights/1997. Bibliography 1. Bayer, Stephen D. , The Legal Aspects of Television Mart? in Relation to the Law of Direct Broadcasting Satellites, EMORY 1992. 2.Conde, Yvonne M. # 8220 ; Independent Cuban Press Seeks Access to the Outside World. # 8221 ; The Fourth Estate. V129. P48+ . January 27, 1996. Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //vweb.hwwilsonweb.com/cgi-bin/webspirs.cgi 3. CubaNet beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //ella.netpoint.net/cubanet/CNews/jul96/15e2.html 4. Human Rights Watch. CUBA Inhibitory Machinery: HUMAN RIGHTS 40 Old ages AFTER THE REVOLUTION. Human rights Watch, New York. June 1999 5. Lipsschultz, David. # 8220 ; The Web Washes over Cuba, but Surfers Still Few Econmic adversity and a authorities wary of information flow hinder Internet # 8217 ; s growth. # 8221 ; Christian Science Monitor, Boston, Mass. 9 July, 1997 6. Robbins, Carla Anne. # 8220 ; Our Jam in Havana: This US Staion Doesn # 8217 ; t rate in Cuba Castro # 8217 ; s Interference Keeps TV Mart Off of Screens. # 8221 ; The WallStreet Journal 25, Nov. 1997 7. Thomas Hugh S. CUBAN REVOLUTION: 30 Old ages Subsequently. Westview Press. London 1984. 8. United States State Department. Human Rights in Cuba beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //state.gov/www/global/human_rights/1997.

Live Online Training Hear It From People Who Experienced It

Live Online Training: Hear It From People Who Experienced It With our Designing Semantic Technology Proof-of-Concept: The live online training that will help you deliver a successful project  approaching, we thought you would like to hear what people who already attended it in December and February thought about it.Just to remind you briefly, this time we have 3 price packages: for business, academic staff and groups of over 3 people.The training is well suited for product managers, system architects, developers and academic researchers and during the live sessions our experts will take you through the basics of semantic technology in order to help you build a successful PoC with it.How did the previous group like it? Here is what some of them shared. The training is overall very helpful to get me familiar with GraphDB quickly. The training can help me understand important semantic web and ontology concepts and knowledge, and understand how to utilize and implement the knowledge in GraphDB. The two pre-webinar training introduces semantic web knowledge and then gave me the chance to tackle 12 exercises to get familiar with the learned knowledge. The pre-training helps build a solid foundation for using GraphDB and the webinar. The webinar is very good to introduce OntoRefine for batch generating triples to be inserted into GraphDB, and query the data to get insight. Then an exercise is asking the participants to carry out a similar task. The webinar is overall helpful to get me started with real world tasks. I think that a justification of why to use OntoRefine would be good. It would be helpful to cover other real world tasks for inserting and updating data. Are there other tools for doing these tasks? I would also like to know h ow to maintain the data consistency and integrity, how to find and deal with bad or inconsistent data, and how to measure the quality of data etc. An introduction to connectors would also be helpful. Overall, many thanks for your training!Mithun K.M., Project Lead, Impelsys Designing Semantic Technology PoC with GraphDB Training was conducted on Dec 13, 2016. It was a detailed session covering various features of GraphDB. It also included few hands-on exercises on SPARQL queries. Session was detailed and had enough time to try out exercises during the session.We also got practical exposure of RDFizing the data and importing it to GraphDB repository using OntoRefine tool, this tool is used for converting tabular data into RDF and has been integrated with GraphDB 8.The pre-training materials were very useful in understanding the basic concepts of the ontology world.I would recommend this session to anyone who is looking for practical exposure to Semantics, ontologies, RDFizing the data and building of Data sets.Sreejith K, Team Lead, ImpelsysWe had undergone an excellent training on introduction to semantic technology, and this gave a deep insight to RDF, ontologies and GraphDBs behaviour and semantic technology. The training materials, online training an d POCs were excellent. Thanks to Ontotext for giving such a training.Mikhail Reyderman, Software Engineer, Dun BradstreetThe training demonstrates a clear path between flat data sources and a useful knowledge graph.Interested? Go to our training page where you can learn details  or contact the team for specific questions.

Free Essays on Keyboard And Speakers

can be typed on a keyboard without reaching on QWERTY’s middle or home row. Dvorak’s Keyboard is known as the Dvorak Keyboard. An even better keyboard than the Dvorak version was called the Malt keyboard, which was created by Lillian Malt. The Malt keyboard has staggered rows, gives greater use of the thumb and makes it easier to reach the backspace and other normally out of the way keys. Unlike the DVORAK keyboard! There are many different styles of keyboards. There is even on the can fold up and fit in to your pocket. This style of... Free Essays on Keyboard And Speakers Free Essays on Keyboard And Speakers The Keyboard The keyboard is not just an accessory it is a necessity. If there weren’t a keyboard it would be very difficult to use a computer. What is a Keyboard? â€Å"Keyboard, in computer science, a keypad device with buttons or keys that a user presses to enter data characters and commands into a computer. Keyboards emerged from the combination of typewriter and computer-terminal technology. They are one of the fundamental pieces of personal computer (PC) hardware, along with the central processing unit (CPU), the monitor or screen, and the mouse or other cursor device.† A keyboard is an input device that gives information to the motherboard. The keyboard today is very similar to the first typewriter in 1873. Christopher Latham Sholes developed the first commercially successful typewriter. In 1873 the keys were arranged alphabetically. Quickly, people became adept to using the keyboard that the keys would jam when being struck quickly. To overcome this problem Sholes would try to make the job of typing as slow as possible. Sholes placed the most frequently used keys as far apart from each other as he could. His keyboard became known as the QWERTY keyboard. In the 1930’s a man by the name of August Dvorak put nine of the most used letters in the middle row of the keyboard. This allows the typist to write over 3,000 words without the fingers reaching. In comparison, only about 50 words can be typed on a keyboard without reaching on QWERTY’s middle or home row. Dvorak’s Keyboard is known as the Dvorak Keyboard. An even better keyboard than the Dvorak version was called the Malt keyboard, which was created by Lillian Malt. The Malt keyboard has staggered rows, gives greater use of the thumb and makes it easier to reach the backspace and other normally out of the way keys. Unlike the DVORAK keyboard! There are many different styles of keyboards. There is even on the can fold up and fit in to your pocket. This style of...

History of Mining engineering Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History of Mining engineering - Research Paper Example Researches on the history of mining tell us that mining engineering is an ancient form of engineering, the roots of which go back to the beginning of civilization. Agriculture and mining, the primary industries of early civilization, have been the first two endeavors of humans. Both of these fields also meet the primary needs of humans. Considering the importance of mining for oil and gas production, we can truly say that mining has continued to supply all basic resources not only to the ancient civilization but also to the modern world. People have been using stones and other metals since the beginning of the civilization. In those days, there was no special machinery to dig out precious minerals from the ground. People used to carry out mining operations by hands. In addition, those mining operations were not very scientific or technology based. The only method found for mining in the ancient Roman civilization was by setting fire on the exposed rocks in order to break and remove them.

Research proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Research Proposal Example As a perfect approach to discovery and learning, interdisciplinary approach has managed to deliver a lot and promises a greater sustainable surrounding, which is healthier and with more affluent lives. This is aligned with new forms of discoveries together with technology aimed at inspiring the young minds and getting a deeper concept regarding to our position in space, and time (Denning). The importance of using an interdisciplinary approach in tackling the issue of introducing computer programming to high school students is that the approach enables the one to draw strengths and various armory of tools brought about from various disciplines. Also the aspect of focusing on different disciplines enables an individual to broaden his or her literature foundation, hence giving rise to the original theoretical imminent. Additionally, interdisciplinary is thus, reflexive in nature (Tait, & Catherine). Computer Programming holds various disciplines including computer science. Computer science attempts to address issues dealing with natural and artificial information processes but the key effort is focused on the human made practices particularly information systems and machineries. Much knowledge regarding to the computer concerns include the digital computers and the principles that surrounds it includes, programming and computer science designing. Introducing such disciplines at high school level will put students at a better position in the global market. This discipline under computer programming will enable students have convergent cognition (Anold and Mabel). Soft ware engineering is also a discipline in computer programming subject. Hence under this discipline, students should be in apposition to understand that, keeping close the project scope is very significant in developing a product. Hence, this helps

The Organization of African Unity Now known as African Union Research Paper

The Organization of African Unity Now known as African Union - Research Paper Example Thesis statement: The organizational set up, responsibilities and social services provided by the African Union proves to be successful within the scenario of social work in Africa (special references to the social services provided by African Union in Africa and its involvement in current issues). African Union: Organizational set up   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First of all, almost all the African nations have membership in African Union (AU). For instance, excluding Morocco, present strength of African Union is 53. African Union, a social work organization for creating unity among the African nations was established in the year 2002. Besides, Organisation of Africa Unity (AOU) was the mother organization of AU. Okoth (2006) opines that â€Å"Some of the guiding principles of the AU are similar to those of its predecessor, the OAU† (p. 325). The organizational set up of AU is based on centralization and concentration of power which is fully vested in the center but with equal power to the member states. For instance, the decision making force of AU is the Assembly of the African Union. Badejo (2008) states that â€Å"The AU carries out its business through many organs, agencies, and non-governmental organizations† (p. 39). The secretariat (say, African Union Commission) of AU is in Addis Ababa, which is situated in Ethiopia.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The AU is divided into two bodies: political and administrative.  Ã‚   As pointed out, the decision making process is principally vested upon the Assembly, which consists of members/representatives from member states. The present chairman is Bingu wa Mutharika, who represents Malawi. Besides, the representative body of AU, namely Pan African Parliament includes 265 members. Idriss Ndele Moussa is the present president of Pan African Parliament.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Executive Council’s duty within AU includes the preparation of decisions to be taken by the Assembly. Besides, the Execu tive Council is an important political institution within the AU. The Permanent Representatives Committee, another political institution includes the ambassadors of member states within AU. The Economic, Social, and Cultural Council (ECOSOCC), a consultative body, is under AU. Moreover, the AU Commission, the secretariat or political head is presently chaired by Jean Ping.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The African Union Commission is the most important administrative wing within AU. The other administrative bodies of AU include African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (to resolve human rights issues among the member states), and New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) (aiming to accelerate development of the member states). The Pan-African Parliament is another important governing body which accelerates the smooth functioning of AU as an influential organization. So, one can easily identify that the AU follows the centralized mode of power division. But this centralization of power does not limit the power of the member states because decision making power is solely vested upon the Assembly, which consists of member states. In short, the centralization of power within a single authority and the decision making power vested upon the assembly proves that the same is the best possible way that can be adopted by any social

Toyotas Ethical Issues

Toyotas Ethical Issues Business ethics, guiding decision-makings and policies, is concerned with good and bad or right and wrong behaviors and practices within business context(Carroll and Buchholtz, 2008, p242). Based on its great influence on the thinking and acting of all economic entities, whether private companies or state-owned enterprises, business ethics has become a real hot business principle. It appertains to relations between stakeholders and shareholders, between employees and employers, between customers and corporation; it dedicated to product quality, customer satisfaction as well as social responsibility. With the imperative consensus on the reconstruction of social values, business ethics is bound to be pivot and prerequisite for business. However, Carroll and Buchholtz (2008) stated actual business ethics seems to be improving but not at the same pace as public expectations are rising(Carroll, 2008, p242). Furthermore, the economic globalization piles increasing pressure on international business ethics. From the case of Toyotas recall problem, it is drawn that business ethics is ubiquitous and affects a companys development and prosperity strongly. For the purpose of this essay, it is essential to identify its significance and implementation in enterprises. This essay will firstly elaborate Toyotas ethical dilemma involved in its recall. Following this, it will analysis the origin that creates Toyotas ethical dilemma, with a combination of some related theories about business ethics, such as Stakeholder Model, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Finally, some considerable recommendations for Toyota to address this problem will also be made. 2.0 Toyotas Ethical Dilemma General Background of Toyota Toyota Motor Corporation is a multinational corporation headquartered in Japan. Through tremendous development, it currently boasts about 183 billion in annual sales and is the worlds largest automaker, which has the business of which covers many countries and territories including America, Europe, Africa and Asia (Pride et al, 2009, p243). Since its foundation, Toyota continuously conducted business activities under the guiding principle of contributing to the development of a prosperous society through the manufacture of automobiles. The guiding principle, as well as Toyotas CSR policies, serves as the foundation of its business (Toyota Official Website, 2010). However, now Toyota faces a series of embarrassment caused by its vehicle recall. In the beginning of 2010, due to a defect in its accelerator pedals, the company recalled eight million cars around the world (The Times, 2010). The global large-scale recall focalized Toyota once again. Ethical Problem Involved in Toyotas Recall Apart from its quality defect, more and more people began to accuse of Toyotas loss of ethics as a big business before and during its recall. Despite under multi-accusation and criticism, lacking initiative, Toyota did not respond timely. Originally, it attributed the safety issue to the floor mats and denied defective vehicles design; subsequently, its quality problems can not be covered up any longer. Nevertheless, in order for protecting its own business interests and corporate image, Toyota still took the chances and did not recall involving vehicles. Even when appearing in the U.S. Congressional hearings, Toyoda firmly insist that electronic throttle control system has nothing to do with the safety issue, throwing the issue of pedal safety to Toyotas suppliers. More specifically, according to U.S. lawmakers, Toyota hid internal test data in its secret book and refused to hand over evidence of safety defects involving its cars. At the same time, documents obtained by the Congress ional Oversight and Governmental Reform Committee demonstrated that Toyota deliberately withheld key information of crash victims (The Times, 2010). Finally, Toyota could not quibble about its intention to try to conceal the defect or reduce the recall range, which is also a direct challenge to its reputation. Clearly, Toyotas approach is not a right one that a responsible company should adopt when problems exist. To some extent, this is not a blunder of its decision-making but the lack of business ethics. Effects of the Ethical Problem to Toyota At present, Toyotas recall problem seems not to be curbed but ever-widening. Having recalled a wide scope of vehicles, Toyota still has to face the U.S. criminal probe and litigation. What is more severe, with its market having been seriously affected, Toyota also suffered a crisis of confidence worldwide, which is undoubtedly a deadly threat to the worlds top-ranked automaker. It is considered that Toyota has paid a terrible price due to ethical dilemma rather than quality problems. 3.0 Analysis and Discussion There are multiple reasons that caused Toyotas recall crisis, including supply chain mismanagement and its stringent cost control etc. While, the root on ethical dimension should not be neglected. Toyota Attach Great Importance to Economic Benefits but Neglect Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Toyota exceeds General Motors in 2008 as the worlds largest automaker. It is in this process that Toyota introduced a relentless cost control and simultaneously reduces its concern for quality. Toyoda acknowledged that in the past decades, Toyota was committed to expanding business scale and economic benefits, elevating market share and lowering costs; while giving up priority to product safety. In the harsh reality of competition, Toyota gradually goes away from the traditional Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) it has been proud of in a sense. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a business concern for societys welfare; a capacity to treat the stakeholders of the firm ethically or in a responsible way, and it is interpreted by managers who consider both the long-range best interest of the company itself and its harmonious relationship to the surrounding society (Lamb, 2008, p66). As for its wider aim, Hopkins(2007) suggested that it is to create the higher and higher standards of living for people both within and outside a certain company, while preserving the profitability of this focal corporation (Hopkins, 2007, p16). Corporate Social Responsibility is comprised of three concepts, including Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR1), Corporate Social Responsiveness(CSR2) and Corporate Social Rectitude(CSR3). Banerjee (2007) defined CSR2 as the ability of a corporation to respond to social pressures. Compared to CSR1, which has a normative basis to instruct a company what should to do, CSR2 provides a more strategic and managerial focus; that is, it is about what issues a firm choose to address and its policies and actions to address the issue (Banerjee, 2007, p20). CSR2 can be reactive, defensive or responsive. Unfortunately, Toyota adopted the reactive one; it did not make an active response, let alone an effective one. It was not until the crisis went beyond control that Toyoda appeared to apologized to the consumer and explained the situation. To our knowledge, CSR2 is a part of social policy process, whose concentration is on the organizational process for determining implementing and evaluating the firms capacity to anticipate, respond to and manage the issues and problems arising from claims of stakeholders (Sims, 2003, p51). The undisputed is that in its CSR2 process, Toyotas reac tion is passive and slow all the time, which also illustrated its attitude as prevaricated, procrastinative and arrogant. When it comes to CSR3, it refers to the moral correctness of the policies or actions taken (Carroll and Buchholtz, 2008, p56). Frederick in 1987 indicated CSR3 involved a pervasive sense of rightness, respect and humanity that would put publics values and ethics at the center of the companys concern, policies and main decision-makings (Scherer, 2008, p57-58). However, in its recall process, Toyota treated consumers in different regions in significantly differentiated way. As can be seen from Figure3.1, compared to the large amount of recalled vehicles in U.S. and European markets, the number of those in Japanese, in particular Chinese market is very small. In China, the worlds fourth largest market of Toyota in 2009, the recalled number is only 75,552, only accounting for one-tenth of Toyotas total sales in China, and one-third of the quantity recalled in Japan. What is more, type recalled is only the RAV4, while others are excluded. However, they belong to the list of Camry, Crolla and Highlander that has been recalled in U.S. market. Meantime, observant people have found such a delicate situation. In the U.S., in addition to apologizing, Toyota would also pay a high cost, which is comprised of not only the huge recall loss and kinds of fine, but also claims from U.S. consumers. Yet for Chinese consumers, Toyota is unwilling to provide alternatives, let alone financial compensation. Undeniably, Toyota is quite familiar with the hidden rules in Chinese auto market, where a comprehensive recall system has not been established, and it is adopting an appropriate way in accordance with Chinese law to deal with the recall. However, for Toyotaa company who always seek excellence, not breaking the relevant laws and regulations is not enough to convince people. In the CSR3 context, Toyota did not serve Chinese customers who are the same important to it equally. Although within the law, its discrimination against Chinese consumers is not an ethical behavior. Source: China News (up to 10 February, 2010) -Toyota Puts its Focus on Shareholders but not Stakeholders From a general view it seems that corporate stakeholders show the trend of proliferation and diversification. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify and thus effectively balancing the interests and needs of various stakeholders. To achieve this, it can draw reference to the Shareholder and Stakeholder Model. The Shareholder Model, known as an external and independent orientation, is to improve the wealth prospects of investors. On the contrary, firms who adhere to the Stakeholder Model promote an internal control focus and will promote its performance and thereby offer favorable returns for stakeholders who share an interest in the company. This will stimulate a supportive and positive environment for the company (Kakabadse, 2004, p234). In the recall, the stakeholders facing Toyota is not just consumers, but also government, regulators, competitors and media etc.. Hence, Toyota should not only be quick to solve problem in recall, but also be cautious to balance its stakeholders expec tations and needs. Kakabadse (2004) also pointed that the pursuit of profit for shareholders may become secondary when aim of Shareholder Model sharply conflict with the broader stakeholders requirements. Put in another way, Stakeholder Model should be preoccupied with wealth creation for shareholders; if not, there will exist great contradictions between corporates economic benefits and stakeholders interest, leading enterprises into ethical censure. Toyotas recall problem is just a typical. Toyota, addicted to the competition with General Motors, has been expanding its global scale. However, its proud Lean Manufacturing loses control after rapidly spreading all over the world, with the balance between minimum cost and optimal products being broken. In order to maintain constant revenue, Toyota place cost reduction overwhelmed, largely abandoning stakeholders interests; therefore its product quality problems are boomed to arise. In a sense, it is because Toyota ignored a balance of interests of stakeholders that contributed to its present ethical dilemma. Recommendations Restore the Situation Now the primary task for Toyota is to contain the intensified situation. It has been found that product recall has become one of the recognized best practices to maintain corporate reputation when quality problem and crisis emerged. So it is acceptable that Toyota recall all of its defective vehicles regardless of their amount. Although great expenditure on recall is unavoidable and the brand may be frustrated severely, but consistent large-scale recall will allow consumers to experience Toyotas sincerity and faith; that is, its ethical commitment as a responsible big business, which will enable Toyota to win more loyal customers. From the viewpoint of long-term, it is still beneficial and adoptable. At the same time, compared with that about its vehicle defects, the criticism is more about Toyotas passive attitude. So Toyota should lower its profile to actively cooperate with all involved stakeholders including those investigation departments to expect a clear description of the inc ident. Re-establish Image and Credibility To a certain extent, Toyotas original good image in the minds of consumers has been subverted because of the recall. If Toyota had made sincere response to consumers, the product problem may not turn into todays huge crisis. So it is urgent for Toyota to take positive actions and re-establish its image and credibility. Some practical ways to be considered are as follows. Firstly, Toyota must re-win consumers confidence and support. On the one hand, it could modestly listen to customers opinions and feedback to effectively address their concerns; on the other hand, Toyota may visit its clients frequently to show its stick to quality and safety; last but not the least, it must act in a moral way to treat every consumer fair. Overall, Toyota should spare no efforts to get customers understanding and continued support. Secondly, Toyota could actively corporate with some powerful media who act as the governments mouthpiece to publicize its correct behaviors. With positive publicity or pro motion of those media, it is feasible for Toyota to re-create its image as a noble company and to restore consumers confidence to it. Revise its Vulnerabilities Business ethics, as the same as a companys commercial objective, can be achieved by management. Among them, communication plays an essential role. Besides, the reason why Toyota fell into troubled water is not just confined to those ones stated above; it is also because Toyota failed to meet the expectations of international media and consumers to handle problem crisply. Because there exist flaws on the respect of its communication management. In fact, as a multinational corporation, Toyota still followed the traditional Japanese-style communication, which is often procrastinative and burdensome. Meanwhile, as far as the balance between the interests of stakeholders is concerned, the issue worthy to review for Toyota is still its management of communication with its stakeholder. However, it is never too late to correct. The lessons drawn from this crisis is that Toyota should stress and enhance its communication management. Moreover, for Toyota, strategic communication should be emph asized, which should be used not only as a means or method of conflict resolution, but also as a tactic from the strategic perspective. To establish strategic communication, it is far enough to launch kinds of internal and external communication mechanisms; what is more important, various communication methods, such as international public relations, lobbying and advertising etc. should be made the most of. On the basis of communications great importance for multinational company to solve or eliminate ethical conflict, Toyota should pay attention to it. Conclusion Laura Hartman (2003), past president of the Society for Business Ethics, said that business ethics, whose focus is on corporate citizenship and ethical management behaviors, recognizes principled leadership, moral awareness and participates in social changes (Vega, 2007, p648). However, in the process of business internationalization, the biggest challenge facing a company derived not only from its business objective, profit, the strategy and the technology; but also from the lack of business ethics, which support its ongoing survival. Toyota is one that suffered ethical crisis caused by its vehicle recall. It attaches much more importance to economic benefits than Corporate Social Responsibility, and also focus on shareholders but not stakeholders; all these produced its current ethical dilemma. As can be seen from the Toyota case, an enterprise, even a big one, must respect ethical issues. In this regard, an effective communication, as a tactic or a strategy, can help to solve ethi cal conflicts and balance interests of stakeholders. In short, business ethics is going from the edge to the center of management and becomes the strategy of corporation. So any corporation should value ethics and regard it as the starting point of any decision-making and action. Only when its wealth objective is consistent with the expectations and request of both the public and society, it can get enough support and achieve further success.

Elements Unifying a report :: essays research papers

Writing reports comes easy to most people, but the trick is to make the report easy and inviting for others to read. It is difficult to pick up and read a report that is dull and boring. I am not talking about the subject of the report but rather the look of it. A report may be chocked full of useful, important, and exciting information; but it may never get read in its ¡Ã‚ ¦ entirety because it looks uninteresting. One way to make a report more inviting to read is the use of eye catchers. An eye catcher is something that captures the eye; it aids you in gaining the reader ¡Ã‚ ¦s attention. Examples of eye catchers are: „ «Sidebars „ «Pull Quotes „ «Drop Capitals Later in this report we will also go over other ways to build a great paper; such as, coversheets and unifying elements. Sidebars  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Why use a Sidebar? „ «Makes the report easier to read „ «Summarizes the main message „ «Reinforces the important concepts of the main message Pull Quotes A pull quote is a small selection of text pulled out and quoted in a larger font. One of the benefits of using a pull quote is to draw the attention of the skim reader; it clearly highlights key points of the article or report. Pull quotes add style to a document and also breaks up the monotony of text. A pull quote can be placed within an article, span multiple columns, or be placed in an empty column near the article. Below you will find a good example of a pull quote from Glamour magazine. This one sentence can cause a reader to stop and read it. If the pull quote interests the person enough, he or she may read the balance of the article. The following are some guidelines for doing pull quotes: need to be thought provoking, need to be quick bites of information, and need to include only a single thought. Drop Caps Drop caps add visual interest and directs the reader ¡Ã‚ ¦s eye to the beginning of a section of text. You can use drop caps to enhance the appearance of your document. A drop cap is also another way to put emphasis on a word without using bold or italicized font. Drop caps provide a visual break in long articles or in the main text. You can vary the size, color, and font of a drop cap to achieve a more pleasant appearance. Roger Parker's Newsletters from the Desktop offers these additional tips for using drop caps:

Journey: Finding Nemo

â€Å"Finding Nemo† highlights the adventures of a clownfish named Nemo, as he unexpectedly gets captured at the Drop Off and sent to Sydney. His dad, Marlin, and his friend, Dory, go in search of Nemo encountering many dangers of the ocean. While they continue finding him, Nemo meets new friends at a fish tank of a dentist clinic in which help him escape. Towards the end, Marlin finds Nemo and together they go back to their home at the anemone.The film, â€Å"Finding Nemo†, is about the journey as Nemo travel from the familiar to the unfamiliar and the adventures that are encountered as Marlin searches for Nemo. For instance, Nemo arrives at his first day of school where he travels away from the anemone in which he lives to a new place. It is a thrilling experience which is suggested through the playful background music. Nemo’s facial expression also shows his admiration and amazement to the many colourful creatures of the sea which he has not seen before.He unp redictably gets caught in the hands of a diver due to his disobedience acts against his dad. He is taken to a fish tank where weeds and stones are artificial, space is greatly confined compared to that of the ocean and those that live in the tank including Gill, Peach, Bubbles, Jacques, Deb, Bloat and Gurgle, are the strangers in which become Nemo’s friends. The audience knows that the unfamiliar can be frightening as Nemo repeatedly says â€Å"Where’s my daddy? after his capture from the diver. Marlin on the other hand experiences the great dangers of the ocean which he has never thought of encountering as he warns Nemo that â€Å"the ocean is not safe. † His traumatic past through his loss of his wife and many clownfish babies makes him afraid of stepping out of his anemone; however, Nemo becomes the motivation for him to explore further abroad the sea.He swims to an isolated part of the sea where he meets the three sharks, Bruce, Anchor and Chum, and then fo r the first time travels across a large group of jelly fish and meets sea turtles of Sydney. Nemo’s and Marlin’s journey to the unfamiliar has led them to step out of their comfort zone and further explore the world that exists away from their home. It is very different to what they are used to, therefore leading them to adapt and become a well-informed individual they evolved into by the end of the film.

Power of Group Influence

Power of Group Influence This part of the paper will discuss two group-related incidents. The first incident occurred last Sunday during the group meeting for our Youth Empowerment Movement (YEM). YEM is a multicultural all inclusive Christian youth group that focuses on helping youths cope with challenges, initiating development activities in their community, identification and promotion of youth talents, and promotion of social integration in our communities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Power of Group Influence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During that meeting, Jose and Santos arrived in the meeting very late. In addressing them our chairman said that â€Å"you two Hispanics it quite clear that you are always late for meetings, I think it’s your culture that encourages this lazy behaviour and due to your laziness I demand written explanation to this effect and an apology to the other members.† Coincidentally, the two w ere the only members of Hispanics origin in our group and were the only people who were late that day. The second incidence occurred in our advanced calculus lecture when the lecturer was handing back our continuous assessment results. During that time, the lecturer, while referring to smith, said that â€Å"you Japanese it seems that you and your people you do not perform well in my classes.† These statements were discriminatory since referring to people by their race/ethnicity can be quite discriminating especially in situation where these people are perceived as minority. In addition, these statements were very discriminatory due to the fact of associating any people’s race/ethnicity with laziness or non-performing aspects, hence a bias incident. Further, the remarks can fuel racial divisions or misunderstandings within the group, since it can be interpreted as racial bias of given people to the others, thus, members of the group may start taking sides. I agree with the statement that, â€Å"never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed citizens can change the world.† This is because, normally, a good idea or intention comes from one person or a small group that then spreads and works for it, which eventually helps other people and the world at large. For example, the International Red Cross Movement was founded from the idea of a young Swiss businessman, Jean Henry Dunant, who after witnessing condition of wounded soldiers in 1859 during the battle of Franco-Austrian, organized for relief services with the help of the local community immediately (Indian Red Cross, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From this event, Henry wrote a book Memory of Solferino, which he used it to influence like-minded people around the world who during the Geneva Convention of 1864 founded the International Red Cross that serves the wor ld in times of difficulties such as hunger, war and diseases (Indian Red Cross, 2008). Noble idea of few committed citizens has led to revolution or creation of countries that have significantly transformed the world in many ways. For example, the Founding Fathers of the United States of America were a small group of political leaders and statesmen, who took part in the American Revolution by signing the United States Declaration of Independence in July 4, 1776 and establishing the United States Constitution (Founding Fathers, 2010). Through their visionary leadership, these leaders were able to create a great nation that has been able to intervene in various global matters ranging from hunger, peace initiatives, war, and transformation of the world in various other aspects such as democracy, capitalism, and technological advancements. In support of the earlier statement, it is very clear that masses generally do not come up with a great idea; rather, it is the leaders or a small po rtion of the population that come up with the original idea and spread it to the larger population. This population eventually adopts it, leading to a successful group influence, which can be felt even globally. References Founding Fathers. (2010). History of the USA. Retrieved from: foundingfathers.info/. Indian Red Cross. (2008). History of Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Retrieved from indianredcross.org/origin.htm.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Power of Group Influence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Freedom Of Speech And The Internet Essays - Pornography Law

Freedom Of Speech And The Internet Essays - Pornography Law Freedom Of Speech And The Internet The United States of America was founded over two hundred years ago on the basis of freedom. Freedoms, which were wrote into, and are yet a part of the Constitution of the United States. Under the First Amendment of the Constitution, many freedoms are granted to the citizens of this great nation. Such freedoms as those of speech, religion, press, petition, and assembly are granted to all free citizens. But, where do our freedoms begin and end when it comes to the Internet? How can a small group of individuals regulate an entity that is much larger than its jurisdiction? Who is responsible for deciding what is considered proper for viewing to users? With so many regulations and rules governing the Internet, what happened to that right granted to us in the First Amendment? With all these rules and codes of conduct, one begins to wonder if the First Amendment gives us the freedoms it so justly states, or if we are just too ignorant to stand up and fight for the rights granted to us by t he Constitution (Constitution). Freedom of speech, on the Internet, has endured several battles throughout its recent history. In 1997, the Supreme Court has once already ruled in favor of freedom of speech in cyberspace. This ruling was in response to charges, which were brought up to a federal judge, involving the Communications Decency Act (CDA). The federal judge found for the defendant, stating that the CDA was unconstitutional. After appealing to the Supreme Court, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) took to the defense once again, fighting for the freedom of speech in the matter at hand. With their primary defense centered on the First Amendment, the Supreme Court ruled the act unconstitutional by a majority vote. This landmark decision sets the stage for future fights for the freedom of speech on and off of the Internet (Supreme Court). The Internet has also been of controversy when it comes to monitoring or blocking sites, which are deemed dangerous to minors. In another recent court case, a public library offering public Internet access had blocking software installed, restricting sites considered harmful to minors, limiting perfectly good

The Role that Alternative Dispute Resolution Plays in the English Essay

The Role that Alternative Dispute Resolution Plays in the English Civil Justice System - Essay Example Cumulatively, the main question is whether or not the aims of civil justice report facilitate greater access to justice for disputants via alternative dispute resolution. This study is therefore divided into two parts. The first part of this study analyses alternative dispute resolution and the second part of the paper analyses the extent to which alternative dispute resolution is facilitated by the English civil justice system. Alternative Dispute Resolution Alternative dispute resolution broadly defined implies the use of non-traditional court adjudication of disputes. Invariably this means the use of mediation, conciliation or arbitration as opposed to formal litigation.6 However, the term alternative dispute resolution received academic attention beginning in the 1980s and was used as a frame of reference to an option for resolving civil disputes in the absence of lawyers or legal input. By the end of the decade of the 1980s alternative dispute resolution institutions began to fo rm and gain currency in the UK. By the 1990s, alternative dispute resolution was perceived as an important solution to the evolving litigious culture which created delays, inordinate costs and created a significant problem for ordinary citizens to gain access to civil litigation.7 According to Stipanowich over the last two or more decades, there has been a consistent effort on the part of lawyers, the judiciary, business entities and governments to cooperate on the formation of strategies and policies calculated to provide for the more efficient and less costly management and resolution of conflicts which invariably includes ADR processes.8 Arbitration is often described as an informal and rather simple version of adjudication via the courts in which the formal requirements relative to procedural laws such as discovery are typically waived and instead adopt a more informal process.9 Arbitration derives its strength from the disputant’s agreement to submit to arbitration and t o abide by any award administered by the arbitrator who is usually a tribunal of three independent decision-makers or a single arbitrator.10 It would therefore appear that arbitration, is poised to forego or at the very least reduce the cost and time involved in litigation by removing the procedural complexities and guidelines established for civil litigation and thereby dispensing with the need for the involvement of lawyers. In this regard, arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution, with its emphasis on party autonomy arguably plays a significant role in the reduction of time and cost involved in resolving civil disputes and therefore contributes to facilitating the drive for broadening access to civil

Tax(see attachment) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Tax(see attachment) - Essay Example Manufacturing parts in UK and then exporting to third world countries is not viable due to various financial factors. Hence the company has decided to set up a manufacturing unit in any of the third world country. This will help the company to maximize its profits, and at the same time give an opportunity to expand and explore new markets. The following report addresses the various issues that have to be considered from international tax perspective while expanding operations offshore. While setting up an overseas operation there are certain very important tax related issues that need to be considered before choosing an appropriate location. The issue might seem to be too complicated initially given the numerous nations and their individual legal and political systems but there appears to be abroad consensus among all the nations of the world regarding tax matters. And, this is surely a matter of utmost relief to companies that intend to operate across political boundaries as tax matters indeed create problems in estimating income earned by a subsidiary, more so what portion of it can be rightly considered as income of the consolidated entity. However, with the phenomenal rise of multinational corporations, the vexatious issue of which state should rightfully tax which portion of the income of a multinational business entity still poses certain questions for which unambiguous answers are hard to come by. Legally speaking, every state has the jurisdiction to impose tax, irrespective of whether the tax is generated within the domestic territory of the state (source country) or it is generated outside the domestic territory but by a legal entity that is normally resident of the state (residence country). In the international taxation regime that is adhered to by almost all the countries of the world, the country where the tax is generated has the first right to tax

Media reporting and child sexual abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Media reporting and child sexual abuse - Essay Example The United Nation’s 1959 Declaration of the Rights of the Child states that the child needs special care and protection including appropriate legal protection due to his physical and mental immaturity before and after birth. In the UK, children and young people are offered protection by two important pieces of legislation: the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Human Rights Act 1998.There have been plentiful and varied challenges involving children and young people, in particular under Article 8 of the Human Rights Act(Curtice and Tim,2010,p.361). The Children, Schools and Families Bill has taken some initiatives concerning publishing the family proceedings information. The measures are subject to controversy as there is need to strike the right balance between right of press to report court proceeding under Article 10 ECHR and right to privacy and its respect for children under Article 8 ECHR in addition to their best interest under the UN Convention on the Righ ts of the Child. Relaxation of limitation on media reporting of family proceeding has raised concerns over limiting children rights and providing them insufficient protection (JCHR, 2010). According to media laws, accredited journalists are permitted to observe family court proceedings; however, they are under strict reporting regulations that allow certain level of details for print. The limitation of print reporting are imposed in order to ensure privacy and well-being of children involved in the cases (Silk, 2009).Furthermore, according to Justice Secretary, Jack Straw (cited in Silk, 2009) the limitation will be relaxed in an effort to convey the case substance while children identity and lurid details about family must not be published. The modifications will permit the publication of expert witness reports, including those incorporating details of child abuse. The relaxation will ensure transparency in family justice system and increased public confidence on its services. The legislation has broaden the amount of information that can be reported which include child or parent’s medical, psychological, or psychiatric details in addition to the   information given by a child to his or her parents. It permits the publication of information regarding the case which is not â€Å"personal sensitive information† but the limitations are not clearly defined. The act ensures that names and identities of parties involved remain hidden to maintain lifelong anonymity of children (Baksi, 2010). Recently, numerous high-profile celebrities have accused media of intruding into their privacy during their cases in UK. Most cases are reported against the stories by ‘kiss-and-tell’ tabloids and photographs taken by freelance paparazzi. For instance, celebrity footballer David Bekham and pop star Victoria Bekham and members of British monarchy consistently tried to limit press interference into their personal lives (Drake, 2007, p.220). Apparently, Privacy limitations seems to be defined clearly, however, there is no statute in either English or Scottish law that can be attributed as Privacy Act. In addition, the publicity or personality rights are also not evident. Contrary to defamation or copyright laws, under no specific law we can hold some newspaper responsible for intruding into any individual’s or celebrity’s privacy. This scenario has led to extending the existing legislation in order to contain privacy related cases and to establish the concept in English law courts (Drake, 2007, p.220). Lacking legislation triggered the attempts to define privacy in UK AND Calcutt Committee defined it as â€Å"the right of the individual to be protected against intrusion to his personal life or affairs, or those of his family, direct physical means or by publication of information† (1990, p.7 cited in Drake, 2007, p.221). Absence of a general law for privacy led to the utilization of common law in such cases. I t includes; the 1998 Data Protection Act, 1997

1984 by George Orwell Essay Example for Free

1984 by George Orwell Essay â€Å"It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen. Winston Smith, his chin nuzzled into his breast in an effort to escape the vile wind, slipped quickly through the glass doors of Victory Mansions, though not quickly enough to prevent a swirl of gritty dust from entering along with him† . In such a way â€Å"1984† by George Orwell starts. From the very first lines the author tires to set necessary atmosphere. Actually, the main point of the book is Orwell’s idea of personal freedom and how this freedom is defined throughout the book. The author presents the existence of doublethink, ultimate power in society and government along with absence of free thought and liberty. It is necessary to admit that the book is famous author’s ability to create tension and for finding original way of expressing ideas and thoughts. The book is one of the most famous dystopias because it illustrates real life, real living conditions and opportunities. George Orwell provides descriptions of future paying special attention to human face, human predetermination and human fate fighting every person from pessimistic misanthropes to the idealistic optimists. See more: My Writing Process Essay Orwell tells a story of a solitary Winston Smith who works in the Ministry of Truth. The main idea is that everything is functioning under the pressure of totalitarian world. Smith is a member of a leading party of the state, whereas Orwell underlines that only one part exists. In such a way Orwell shows that the only party provides guidance and control of all aspects of human life including even the most intimate thoughts. Smith’s job speaks for itself –Winston is assigned to provide changes to past records to make them match party wishes. Social culture is treated as â€Å"doublethink† meaning that presence of two conflicting facts opposes party’s ideology. Every citizen should support general party philosophy enabling English Socialism to subsume the essence of different thinking and to provide full control. Winston Smith thinks about liberty and freedom of though, though he realizes that he is simply a middle-aged man having no ties. His mind is full of dangerous thoughts and inside he is willing to struggle in order to reconcile events taking place around him. Actually, he remains the only unsettled person being interested in human rights and personal dignity. He thinks people should fight for what he feels proper and right. Te concept of doublethink must be eliminated, though Winston is personally weak to be able to rebel. It is necessary to note that it is the author who wants to speak to readers via his main character. Winston is trying to warn people of what may come in near future: â€Å"For whom, it suddenly occurred to him to wonder, was he writing this story? For the future, for the unborn. His mind hovered for a moment round the doubtful date on the page, and then fetched up with a bump against the Newspeak word doublethink. either the future would resemble the present, in which case it would not listen to him: or it would be different from it, and his predicament would be meaningless? † When Smith makes an elicit contact with a fellow party worker Julia, he feels he is ready to confront. Nevertheless, the power of the book is not simply in social theory provide, but rather in detailed descriptions of thoughts of main character. The author skillfully writes about party’s claims: â€Å"But simultaneously, true to the principles of doublethink, the Party taught that proles were natural inferiors who must be kept in subjection, like animals, by the application of a few simple rules †. When the main charter is firstly introduced, he is presented a thought criminal whose story is premised on that leap. Orwell allows following Smith’s life, to share his job, his objections to instructions. Also readers have an excellent opportunity to observe his love affairs and strange romance with Julia. Main hero is outrageous with established set of order and he says Julia: â€Å"I hate purity, I hate goodness! † Speaking about strong points, the book is brilliantly written, well-structured. The author writes with a rhythm vividly expressing his ideas. Development of Winston Smith creates empathy. Possibly, the strongest moment is the last half of the book when Orwell provides answers to the questions of interest. When Smith reads a book about how the leading party remains in power, he is interested why? party provides such discriminative and unfair policy towards society. When he asks O’Brien, he is answered as bluntly as possible that power should be achieved and retained for the sake of the power. The author vividly portrays Winston’s disappointment stating that society is confronted by absolute power being confident of its own immortality and universality. He thinks of Big Brother realizing that this program is confronted because of promoting sex crimes and proliferation. Nevertheless, the weak points are present as well. Actually, the last half of the book, despite being full of sense and explanations, appears not so interesting compared with the beginning. The author continues illustrating new fascinating ideas and images, though the whole story comes to a crashing halt. Apparently, long descriptions of dry book about political theory makes readers boring and dull. When Smith appears under tortures, the author fails to create intensive atmosphere. Possibly, the book becomes too familiar and the fact that Smith fails to confront social order is disappointing. The next moment is that the society of Big Brother is too idyllically presented to support man’s resistance. However, the author improves the situation after releasing Winston. The best piece of the book is re-union of Winston and Julia. The book is relevant to modern society and political philosophy because it aims at expanding existing knowledge of totalitarian ideologies. The author sheds light on the lives of common people with no ties comparing their opportunities with that of the absolute power being practiced by party members. The author provides detailed overview of totalitarian ideology exploring its deepest corners.

Thai Immigration In United States

Thai Immigration In United States Throughout the history, America is considered as the destination for a stream of immigrants from various parts of the world. Immigration plays a significant role not only in making Americas development possible but also in shaping American society. High rates of migration from distinctly different places in the world reflect and also shape a lot about the basic nature of American society and economy. They came to make new lives and livelihoods in the New World, and their hard work benefited themselves and their new home country. The immigrant group not only comes from European countries, but also comes from Asian countries. Thai immigrant is also considered as one of the largest group of Asian immigrants in United States. They flee from their mainland to the various destinations in United States. Some immigrants settle down there, but some just stay for a while and leave this country. This paper will cover three parts which are the history of Thai immigrants in US, Thai immigrant lif estyle in US (destination choices and employment and occupation pattern), and Thai culture represents by immigrant group (assimilation, tradition and beliefs, cuisine, religion, and family unit). History of Thai Immigrants in US In Thai history, there was no evidence of Thai immigrants to US until 1961. The beginning point of Thai immigration to United States started during the Vietnam War. At that time, the official American military arrived to Thailand in order to settle down the US stationed troops and prepare for war in Vietnam. US military supported Thai military programs in terms of financial support. Moreover, money that came in the country from military tourism changed the living standard of Thai people at that time. After interacting with the American soldiers, Thais saw that United States was full of opportunities in both education and economics, and immigration to this country can lift up the living standard (Immigration History of the Thai to the United States, n.d.). Apart from these factors, the immigration law of US at that period is attractive to the new coming immigrant. In 1965, U.S. enforced the immigration and nationality act which aims to support family unification. It also aims to encou rage U.S. citizens in the U.S. to patronize their family members as a new immigrant. This seems to be the important opportunity for Asians who are the citizens of U.S. to bring their family members. Moreover, it makes immigration become easier for Asian especially Thais. However, in fact, the target group of this immigration act is the European immigrants, but as a result, there were lots of Asian immigrants pour in to the country which was never happen before (Asian Nation, n.d.). In 1970, around 5,000 of Thais immigrated to United States with the ratio of three women to one man. Most of immigrants were composed of medical doctors, business men, and wives of U.S. military. We can assume that the ratio of three women to one men come from wives of U.S. military (Immigration History of the Thai to the United States, n.d.). The immigrant of Thai ancestry also includes the Thai Dam and other ethnic groups from the northern Vietnam and Laos (Megan Ratner, 2011). According to J.S. Lindber g, Thai immigration is categorized into three stages which are pioneer migration, group migration, and mass migration. The first stage or pioneer migration is a few of educated, middle class Thais who flee to U.S. around two postwar decades. The second stage or group migration is immigrants who entered U.S. in the period of the change in American immigration laws. This stage has stable increase in numbers and gradually changes in composition of the immigrant flow. The last group is mass migration which is the transition to the third stage. In this stage, number of Thais who got nonimmigrant visas is stable. (Jacqueline Desbarats, page 303). The unprecedented increase in number of Thai immigrant continues many decades until it reached 44,000 immigrants in 1980, and 64,000 immigrants in 1990 (Thai American, 2011). Thai immigrants in US came in both legal and illegal status. However, there was Refugee Act in October 28, 1977 in order to legalize the illegal immigrant. Its provision is to permit the permanent resident status for Indochinese refugees who were physically present in the United States for at least two years, and were admitted into the United States during specified periods of time (US Citizenship and immigration service, page 5). Thai Lives in US Since Thai immigrated to United States, two largest communities of Thai immigrants are in Los Angeles and California. The number of Thais in California is approximately 32,064, and Thais in Los Angeles are around 19,016. Moreover, other significant concentrations are in Hollywood, between Hollywood and Olympic boulevards and near Western Avenue. Thais are also found in New York City which has population around 6,230 and in Texas with 5,816 populations (Megan Ratner, 2011). The largest concentration runs along Hollywood Boulevard between Normandie Avenue and Western Avenue in Hollywood which is called Thai town. It located in Los Angeles. This city is also the first largest and only Thai town outside Thailand. There are lots of homes and businesses of Thai immigrants scatter around the city. Most of them came to Los Angeles for educational opportunity, and some of them decided to settle down there and open their own businesses. Furthermore, financial crisis in 1980 caused numerous Tha is came to Thai Town and seek for jobs. In 2002, there were around 80,000 Thai immigrants in this city which also includes Thai Chinese population. Because of the influx of Thai immigrants, Los Angeles seems to be the 77th province of Thailand. In Thai town, there are numerous Thai restaurants, glossary stores, markets, silk shop, massage spa, book stores, and import stores (Thai Town, 2011). Everything from Thailand can be found there. Thai Town is established by the Thai Community Development Center (CDC) which is to provide tourists to the town for benefiting those Thai businesses in that area, and to promote this community as a cultural haven. The community promotes Thai culture by celebrating Songkran Festival (Thai New Years Day) every year. The festival is set on the first Sunday in April. This festival is an important day of Thai culture, food, and entertainment which can gather Thais and tourists together. The activities in the festival include fruit and vegetable carvings, Thai painting and handicraft demonstration, and Thai folklore program. In 2008, there were more than 100,000 people joined the festival, in which the number of participants increased as a tenfold in only five years since the first celebration started. This is a great chance to give visitors and locals to experience the diversity of Thai Town, and also to support the local economies in the area (Preserve America Community, 2009). In the same year, Thai Town in Los Angeles was also awarded a Preserve America Community by the White House. This means a lot for the community because it increases the visibility of Thai Town for nationwide, and represents the cultural and historical significance of Thai. Thai town will be received government funding for promoting their culture and activities (Thai Town Designation, n.d.). Apart from the destination points of Thai immigrants, employment and occupation pattern of Thai immigrants are different from other groups. They owned numerous kinds of business such as gas stations, travel agencies, beauty shops, grocery stores, and restaurants. The occupation characteristics of Thais are focused to grocery stores and restaurant more than other kinds of business which is composed one-third of all Thais businesses. The occupation pattern of Thai immigrants also affects the residential mobility in US. According to Jacqueline Desbarats, as Thais become better-integrated in the American community, it is likely that their employment opportunities will diversify and that the residential pattern will become more dispersed (page 316). Moreover, the jobs available for new Thai immigrants also provide various services to the community. Thai Culture by the Immigrant Group Even though, immigration to US led to experience the new culture and new way of life, Thai immigrants still chose to remain their own valuable tradition. They learned to adapt well to fit in the new social norm and the new practices in society. Because of their flexibility in the new society, the result is that the first generation of American-born Thais can be easily Americanized. However, the acceptance of the American way of life in this new generation influenced their parents to accept more about American way. American thinks that Thais are too flexible and lacking of newness. They identified Thais by noticing their common expression, mai pen rai, which means never mind or does not matter. Some of them think that this phrase shows the reluctant to develop thought. Furthermore, the relationship in Thai family is still important though they are in United States. Thai family structure represents togetherness. Family members are defined and named based on the relation, their age and the side of family. When Thai immigrants come to settle in United States, these kinds of thing seems to be disappeared from Thai family because of the American society. Thais also maintain their traditions, customs, and beliefs of their native lands. We can see from the most common tradition which is greeting gesture (wai). In Thai tradition, children have to show their respect to the elders by wai, and the elder will smile in a return. Their ways of life in United States are similar to their own land. They do believe in one proverb which is that do good and you will receive good; do evil and you will receive evil (Megan Ratner, 2011). Thai immigrants not only maintain their own tradition and custom, but their religion was also remained. The belief in Buddhism did not gradually disappear from Thais lives. In 1970 Thai immigrants started to form temples in Los Angeles and Washington, D.C., and in the same year, Ven. Phrakhru Vajirathammasophon (Thai monk) of Wat Vajirathamsathit in T hailand came to teach Buddhist sermon and to perform Buddhist ceremonies. Most of Thais believe in Theravada Buddhists which its root comes from India. There were many temples that were created by Thais in US such as Wat Thai in LA and Wat Thai in Washington D.C. Thais and other Asians in US still carry on the religious ceremony like ordination ceremony. Young men who reach the age of twenty will ordain for several days or a month in order to requite their parents and shows that they are ready for marriage (Wendy Cadge, 2005). After Thai immigrants visited United States, they also bring Thai cooking style to this country as well. Thai food seems to be one popular choice in many cities. Thai cuisine is popular in United States, and there are many Thai restaurants throughout the city. Thai cooking style uses only a few ingredients, but they give the priority to the taste of food as an important factor, and they also use the seasoning ingredients in their food. The main dish of Thai co oking style is rice. When Thais talk about rice, they usually mean food. They are accustomed to spoon instead of fork and knife. Food for Thais also means the work of art. The method that represents art is in the fruit or vegetable carving. The pattern of carving shows Thai style of painting and Thai lives. (Megan Ratner, 2011). To recapitulate, Thai immigrants are one group of Asian immigrant in United States which is one factor that shapes United States. They bring the new way of life and new culture to this country. As I read through the information, I think that Thais are well adapted and flexible in various situations. Although, they can accept new thing in society, they still remain their valuable culture and inherit to the next Thai generation.